Countering the Anti-Israel Apartheid and the BDS Messages Essay

Intercultural Communication in the Workplace paper Essay

Intercultural Communication in the Workplace paper - Essay Example This is the thing that great entertainers do and there is a contrast between a ‘wooden actor’ and ‘expressive actor’ who passes on entire reams of emotions with articulations, discoursed and enunciation of discourse. It isn't sufficiently only to be attractive or to have a decent voice and keeping in mind that these assistance to upgrade the effect, a poor speaker can't depend on just these physical qualities. â€Å"Language is our chief methods for imparting, yet it isn’t the just a single we use. We convey at whatever point we transmit data about ourselves to other people and get such data from them. Our outward appearances, substantial positions, motions, and developments, regardless of whether oblivious, pass on data and are a piece of our correspondence styles (Chapter 15, p. 256). In associations, especially during group gatherings or assemblies, a viable speaker figures out how to get over physical boundaries, for example, plan looks, thick ac cents and different obstructions yet at the same time figure out how to keep individuals intrigued, by checking their state of mind and changing tonal intonations. This is a significant issue in intercultural correspondence, to keep the crowd intrigued and simultaneously get your message through. By culture, we mean the acknowledged standards of social conduct and acknowledgment of what is correct and what's going on and what is moral. To give a model, a lady smoking in US or Europe would not be seen yet a comparative activity in Arab nations would raise a ton of consideration. Associations, for example, Microsoft, Ford, GM, Toyota, British Petroleum and numerous others that work all inclusive need to adjust to different societies and comprehend these standards yet stay focused on their fundamental beliefs. This is a zone that is best taken care of by powerful intercultural correspondence and the aptitude is in utilizing a comprehensive technique where the message mixes across societies and brings a feeling of consistency. This requires aptitude and experience and basic language, checked for

12 Books to Celebrate the 30th Anniversary of The Oprah Winfrey Show

12 Books to Celebrate the 30th Anniversary of The Oprah Winfrey Show I have a bigtime love for Oprah. Her unparalleled daytime talk show was on my family TV from before I was born to the year after I graduated from college. I grew up reciting never go to a second location and live your best life and when you know better you do better. Oprah Winfrey is frequently (and correctly) referred to as the queen of daytime television, but she did a lot for the bookish world as well. Her book club alone popularized classic literature and catapulted many contemporary authors on to the best sellers list. I recently devoured the new NPR podcast Making Oprah, which celebrates what would have been the 30th season of The Oprah Winfrey Show. Here are some books that will keep the celebration of this important Oprah anniversary going. Get ready for lots of lightbulb moments! Food, Health, and Happiness: 115 On-Point Recipes for Great Meals and a Better Life by Oprah Winfrey Oprah’s relationship with food is notorious. I mean, the woman once wheeled out a wagon full of all the representational fat she’d lost. In this new book, she pairs recipes with personal essays and memories from her life. I definitely want a peak at the promised photos of Oprah’s kitchen. What I Know For Sure by Oprah Winfrey Whenever I read Oprah’s magazine, which my mom still subscribes to, I flip to the back for Oprah’s “What I Know For Sure” column. Here her life lessons are collected and updated in one book. Amazing! I Know Why the Caged Bird Sings  by Maya Angelou Oprah called Maya Angelou her “mentor-mother-sister-friend.” She featured The Heart of a Woman in her 1997 book club, but I Know Why the Caged Bird Sings marks the first of Angelou’s seven autobiographies. Both are beautiful and excellent books. The Color Purple by Alice Walker Oprah finished The Color Purple in one day and soon was telling everyone how she was obsessed with her new favorite book. She called the story her own story. She starred in the 1985 movie adaptation, playing Sofia,  and was nominated for an Academy Award for her first ever film role. The Deep End of the Ocean by Jacqueline Mitchard This novel tells the story of a suburban family dealing with the disappearance of the youngest son. It was the first pick for Oprah’s famous book club in 1996 and, subsequently, a national best seller. The Bluest Eye by Toni Morrison Toni Morrison’s novels appeared on Oprah’s book club several times. The Bluest Eye examines questions about race, gender, and conformity in the story of Pecola Breedlove, a young black girl who is teased for her appearance and prays every day to be beautiful. Freedom by Jonathan Franzen Aside from the James Frey controversy, Oprah’s most controversial book club pick might have been Jonathan Franzen. When Oprah chose Franzen’s The Corrections for her book club in 2001, Franzen offended the host and her viewers when he scoffed at the honor saying that his novel was “a hard book for that audience” and that he wanted to attract more male readers instead. Still, in 2010 Oprah chose Freedom for her book club calling the novel “a masterpiece.” Wild by Cheryl Strayed The memoir Wild is the first pick of Oprah’s Book Club 2.0, the reincarnation of the book club post Oprah’s last season. In case you’ve been living under a rock or haven’t watched the Netflix Gilmore Girls reboot, Wild portrays the eleven-hundred mile solo hike that Cheryl Strayed undertook at age twenty-two following the death of her mother. Life Strategies: Doing What Works, Doing What Matters by Phillip C. McGraw I don’t know exactly how I feel about him, but no list of Oprah inspirations would be complete without a little Dr. Phil on it. In his first book, you will find such gems as, “you have to name it before you can claim it.” Because wisdom that rhymes is much easier to remember. In the Meantime: Finding Yourself and the Love You Want   by Iyanla Vanzant Iyanla is another Oprah Winfrey protégé who many peopled learned about through the show. She’s written many books, but this one is one of her most popular and a number one bestseller. The Underground Railroad  by Colson Whitehead This National Book  Award winner was Oprahs pick for the book club this year. In this acclaimed novel, the author reimagines the Underground Railroad as an actual railroad complete with conductors, train tracks, and engineers. A Wrinkle in Time by Madeleine L’Engle There are few things that excite me as much as the news that Oprah will be playing Mrs. Which in the upcoming Ava Duvernay film adaptation of A Wrinkle in Time. I cannot wait to see this amazing performance!

Descriptive Essay - Original Writing - 1012 Words

To see Kendrick leave this morning was much harder than I imagined it would be. To say we’d grown close would be an understatement. We come up with plans to Skype each other on his down time. It needed to be enough for the time being, we had no other options. I am so confused about what was going on with our relationship. I wanted to say the three little, but important words to him. I just wasn’t able to get the words past my lips. I knew in my heart Kendrick is nothing like the men in my past. Why in the past, I’d fallen so fast for the wrong type of men, and now I’m with someone of worth, my heart is so guarded. What in the holy mother of Eros did he mean ‘make ye mine?’ Was I hoping he meant to be together as in married? He†¦show more content†¦I will have plenty of time in the next month to think about my feeling in regards to Kendrick. I needed to finish up the article and get it off to my editor. I should be able to g et it done by tonight and send an email in the morning. I was thinking of writing my next article about the sea life around the Scottish coast. Since our salmon dinner last evening I thought I would do a piece about the commercial salmon farming that began in Scotland in 1969. In 2002 over 145,000 metric tons of farmed Atlantic salmon was produced. I thought a salmon farming article would be of interest to quite a few people. I needed to make a phone call to my sister Adaira. She had emailed me and said she needed to talk. I would place the call, at 6:00 pm tonight. Adaira said she would available at 10:00 am, Los Angeles time and that would work for me now that my Mr. Seal wasn’t around to distract me. All day I’ve been looking forward for a chance to talk to Adaira, we had a lot to catch-up on. Now that it’s almost six o’clock I get all comfy on the couch ready to see what my family’s been up to since I left the California. Adaira picks-up the phone on the second ring. â€Å"Hey, Aileana it’s so good to hear from you! I’ve missed you.† â€Å"Hey Dare, what’s happening on the Pacific coast. How are you and the family hanging? I’ve missed you too.† I said. â€Å"So how is Seanmhair doing and have you met

399 Tutorial 5 Essay - 2064 Words

ACCG 399: Accounting in Context Accounting’s Positivistic Tendencies: Overlaying a Social Science With Pure Scientific Rationale Tutorial 5 - Week 6 This written Comprehensive Professional Portfolio is comprised of individual and group tasks which are to be completed within tutorials and will require further work and writing up outside of the classroom. These set of tutorial activities extending till the end of the session, are intended to take you through a learning journey of exploration and development. They have been specifically designed to incorporate not only a real-life perspective to your university learning but also to further enhance graduate capabilities such as your ability to engage in critical, analytical and†¦show more content†¦I believe that anyone watching just the first part of this documentary can make the assumption that we were going downhill with all these unstable inventions that were supposed to bring in more turmoil for the rest of the world. In order to reporting accuracy, they interview lots of people to indicated this fact rather than merely provide neutral opinion. In addition, the film ill ustrates some data and provides some powerful reports to support their viewpoint. The following parts also explain the main factors result in the financial crisis, and the economic recession. The film also emphasis on the investor and related parties should burdened accountability what the challenge we need to face. Positive accounting theory refers to the branch of academic research in accounting[-0] that seeks to explain and predict actual accounting practices. These contrasts with normative accounting[-1] theory, that seeks to derive and prescribe optimal accounting standards. In other words, the accountant should to obey the standard accounting rules and regulation to prepare financial report and they must utilize optimal accounting standards. But in this film, lots of accountants prepare the misleading financial report, which make the potential investors and shareholders believe that companies still operate profitability, and on-going development. Actually, the companies already make hugeShow MoreRelatedEmotiv Case Analysis1118 Words   |  5 Pagesconsole maker, we can calculate a break even retail price for each of the next three years (Exhibit 3). However, as the breakeven price is greater than the maximum possible retail price of $399 for the first year, we propose the pricing structur e as per exhibit 4. It is necessary to maintain a selling price of $399 in the first year and $299 in its second year. The company will turn profitable in its second year. At the end of the third year, with reduction in production costs (after crossing 1 millionRead MoreReflective Essay2018 Words   |  9 PagesACCG 399 – Accounting in Context ACCG 399 Reflection Learning Log and Essay This reflection learning log and essay guide is a helpful learning tool for you to access when you are completing your learning log and also your reflection essay. It provides you with an introduction to the purpose for setting a reflective piece of work and the benefits this produces for you. It provides activities to help you along the way (see separate guide â€Å"ACCG 399 Developing a Reflective Capacity Guidance†) andRead MoreConsolidated Financial Statements: Intragroup Transactions3001 Words   |  13 PagesTutorial Week 9 Blackboard Questions and Solutions Chapter 17 – Consolidated financial statements: intragroup transactions REVIEW QUESTIONS 2. In making consolidation worksheet adjustments, sometimes tax-effect entries are made. Why? Accounting for tax is governed by AASB 112 Income Tax. Deferred tax accounts are raised when a temporary difference arises because the tax base of an asset or liability differs from the carrying amount. Some consolidation adjustments result in changing the carryingRead MoreGlobal Financial Crisis1408 Words   |  6 PagesACCG 399: Accounting in Context Accounting’s Positivistic Tendencies: Overlaying a Social Science with Pure Scientific Rationale†¨Tutorial 5 - Week 6 Thought Activity The film ‘Inside Job’ is explained the occurrence of the global financial crisis in 2008. It has shown that lots of companies have bankrupted and millions of people lose their jobs and homes around the world. Such as United States, Iceland, England, France, Singapore and China. There is a sentence in this film has make me impressedRead MoreMarketing Emotiv Essay2803 Words   |  12 Pagesperceived value of the product. Even if the company was able to immediately find a console partner, sales may be low due to a scarcity of games for EPOC. I believe Emotiv should price EPOC at the highest price point advised by retailers, which was $399. Emotiv should create an exclusive product and brand. From its price to its distribution to its positioning statement, the company should portray that EPOC gives users a high customer value. On the distribution front, EPOC should be sold on its ownRead MoreThe Importance Of Interprofessional Working As Well As Discuss Barriers And Facilitators For Team Working1385 Words   |  6 Pageswhich covered the topic of barriers and facilitators to health and social care and how this can be linked back to interprofessional working. There were 5 of us in the group in total – 2 from the field of adult nursing, one from the field of podiatry one from the field of speech therapy and myself who is in the field of radiography. Prior to the tutorial class each week, we were to meet up to discuss our efforts and how we were doing with the preparation for the poster. At the very first meeting, i t wasRead More1 TLAW 401 UNIT OUTLINE 2014 s33601 Words   |  15 PagesCommission. Have in-depth knowledge of their specialist discipline(s). 4 Understand the nature and importance of director’s duties, corporate governance principles, finance and remedies. Have in-depth knowledge of their specialist discipline(s). 5 Engage in scholarly research Reach a high level of achievement in writing, generic research activities, problem-solving and communication. Examine critically, synthesise and evaluate knowledge across a broad range of disciplines. Expand their analyticalRead MoreWomen in Development vs. Gender and Development Essay2262 Words   |  10 Pagesthe lives of women through development. However, their diagnosis of the problem and thus their proposed solutions are radically different. According to the WID approach, the problem is that women’s needs are excluded from the development process.[5] This is an inaccurate diagnosis of the problem and so it follows that the WID solution – that women’s needs be incorporated into the development process – is also inaccurate. This statement is not just supposition but based on observation of realityRead MoreEssay on Mahindra Mahindra3307 Words   |  14 PagesGary L. Lilien and Katrin Starke 1. Before beginning any case, students should familiarize themselves with the model being used. Marketing Engineering for Excel comes with tutorials that demonstrate the capability of each model. The tutorial can be found under each model within the MEââ€" ºXL menu after starting Excel. These tutorials are designed to work with our OfficeStar examples which are located in the My Marketing Engineering directory, usually installed in My Documents during software installationRead MoreAsaaaa3527 Words   |  15 Pagessiva Groupie Topic: ECE Mini Projects Posted: 19Jun2011 at 4:40pm Message 1. Mobile based device monitoring system 2. Locker Security Monitor 3. Robo Design to pick everyday objects 4. GPS Based train or bus or Aircraft Collision Avoidance 5. ETHERNET BASED INDUSTRIAL MONITORING AND CONTROL SYSTEM 6. WIRELESS SECURITY SYSTEM FOR APARTMENTS 7. Accident identification with auto dialer 8. Automatic Night Lamp with Morning Alarm 9. Data Logger With Graphics Display 10. Remote Mouse Controlled

Generally Accepted Accounting Principles Free Essays

The revenue recognition principle states that, under the accrual basis of accounting, you should only record revenue when an entity has substantially completed a revenue generation process; thus, you record revenue when it has been earned. The match inning (expense recognition) principle is one of the cornerstones of he accrual basis of accounting. Under this principle, when you record revenue, also record at the same time any expenses directly related to the revenue. We will write a custom essay sample on Generally Accepted Accounting Principles or any similar topic only for you Order Now Thus, if there is a cause-and-effect relationship between revenue and the expenses, record them in the same accounting period. The materiality principle states tattoo are allowed to ignore an accounting standard if the net impact of doing so has such a small impact on the financial statements that a reader of the financial statements would not be misled. Accounting assumptions The going concern principle is the assumption that an entity will remain in cuisines for the foreseeable future. The monetary unit principle states that you only record business transactions that can be expressed in terms of a currency. The time period principle is the concept that a business should report the financial results of its activities over a standard time period, which is usually monthly, quarterly, or annually. The business entity concept states that you must separately record the transactions associated with a business from those of its owners or other businesses. Effective Internal Control Environment 1. Management integrity 2. Competent and ethical personnel: Selection/Good salaries/Training/Rotation 3. Establishment of responsibilities: Organization chart – clear lines of authority, defined areas of responsibilities Delegation of authority for key activities Policies and Procedures 1. Proper authorization 2. Separation of duties Operations from accounting Custody of assets from accounting Authorization of transactions from custody of assets 3. Control of documents and records Adequate records of transactions (egg invoices, purchase orders, cheeses, stockpiles, journals and ledgers) Proper control (pre-numbering invoices and receipts, lock and key, PC swords) 4. Electronic and computer controls Monitoring 1 . Supervision of Employees (all levels) Reduce temptation to steal or defraud company 2 Audits Internal Control of Cash 1. Using a bank account Receiving vs. paying cash [l physical handling of cash vs. accounting Accounting for cash receipts vs. accounting for cash payments 3. Cash receipt controls Physical controls (lock and key) Deposit cash receipts daily Counter-check cash receipts before depositing Match receipts per cash registers with bank deposit slips 4. Cash payment controls Approval for purchases to be separate from queue-signing Proper documents to support payments Authority limits for queue-signing to be strictly adhered to Two signatories for cheeses 5. Bank reconciliation +1- corrections of bank errors +/- corrections of book errors = Adjusted bank balance = Adjusted book balance Bank reconciliation should be done by a person separate from the one handling receipts/ payments If duties cannot be separated, bank reconciliation should be reviewed by a supervisor 6. Petty cash controls Petty cash = small amount of cash kept on office premises to facilitate miscellaneous expo. How to cite Generally Accepted Accounting Principles, Papers Generally Accepted Accounting Principles Free Essays A corporation must use the same depreciation method for tax and financial reporting purposes. Must use different depreciation methods for tax and financial reporting may use different depreciation methods for tax and financial reporting must use different (than for tax purposes), but strictly mandated, depreciation methods for financial reporting purposes. 1 points Question 2 1 . We will write a custom essay sample on Generally Accepted Accounting Principles or any similar topic only for you Order Now Allocation of the historic costs of fixed assets against the annual revenue they generate is called net profits. Gross profits. Depreciation. Amortization. 1 points Question 3 1 . Given the financial manager’s preference for faster receipt of cash flows, a longer depreciable life is preferred to a shorter one. A shorter depreciable life is preferred to a longer one. The manager is not concerned with depreciable lives, because depreciation is a non-cash expense. The manager is not concerned with depreciable lives, because once purchased, depreciation is considered a sunk cost. 1 points Question 4 1 . The Modified Accelerated Cost Recovery System (MACROS) is a depreciation method used for tax financial reporting managerial cost accounting Question 5 . The depreciable life of an asset is of concern to the financial manager. In general, a longer depreciable life is preferred, because it will result in a faster receipt Of cash flows. A shorter depreciable life is preferred, because it will result in a faster receipt of cash flows. A shorter depreciable life is preferred, because management can then purchase new assets, as the old assets are written off. A longer depreciable life is preferred, because management can postpone purchasing new assets, since the Old assets still have a useful life. 1 points Question 6 1 . A corporation sold a fixed asset for $100,000. This is an investment cash flow and a source of funds. An operating cash flow and a source of funds. An operating cash flow and a use of funds. An investment cash flow and a use of funds. Question 7 1 . A corporation raises $500,000 in long-term debt to acquire additional plant capacity. This is considered an investment cash flow. A financing cash flow. A financing cash flow and investment cash flow, respectively. A financing cash flow and operating cash flow, respectively. 1 points Question 8 1 . A firm’s operating cash flow (SCOFF) is defined as Ross profit minus operating expenses. How to cite Generally Accepted Accounting Principles, Papers Generally Accepted Accounting Principles Free Essays Generally Accepted Accounting Principles Kelly Voelm NURS/571 March 25, 2013 Dr. Tricia Jenkins Generally Accepted Accounting Principles Companies and businesses are guided by rules and regulations that they must follow concerning financial data reporting. Generally accepted accounting principles (GAAP) assist accountants to work with the Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) and are guidelines that apply to most financial statements. We will write a custom essay sample on Generally Accepted Accounting Principles or any similar topic only for you Order Now The GAAP are a list of principles used by accountants and they influence most financial information. These principles of accounting are ? Accounting Entity ? Money Measurement ? Duality ? Cost Valuation ? Stable Monetary Unit Accounting Principles The Accounting Entity is the organization that is the focus of the reports and information. These entities include businesses, churches, school districts, governments, and many other social organizations. For the purpose of this paper health care organizations will be the focus. Hospitals, clinics, physician offices, and other health care entities are required to file monetary reports showing monetary value of the organization. Money Measurement is a concept that relates to transactions that can only be recorded if they can be recorded in monetary terms. There are certain aspects of an organization that cannot be counted on the financial statement. The expertise of staff, reliability of services, and employee working conditions are aspects of the organization that cannot be added to a financial statement. Duality is the assets which are equal to the liabilities and the net assets. The assets, liabilities, and the net asset accounts should always create a balance ending in the duality. This means that the cash used to buy an asset is placed on the liability side of a financial statement and the purchased item is placed on the asset side of that statement. Cost Valuation is also known as historical or acquisition costs are the original monetary value of an item. Assets and liabilities are costs that must be evaluated for financial reporting. Cost valuation does not consider inflation or depreciation values. Stable Monetary Unit allows the assumption that the dollar, a monetary unit, is stable regardless of inflation rates. Regardless of inflation rates financial statements over years usually have the same value. Intentions of Accounting Principles According to Cleverly, Song, and Cleverly, (2011), the accounting entity principle’s intention is to specify the entity for which the accounting focuses defines the information that is pertinent. Cleverly, Song, and Cleverly state that the intention of the money measurement principle is to define adequately the measuring of resources and obligations. Duality principle’s intention is to show that the value of assets will always equal the value of claims. When transactions increase the number of assets and liabilities also increase thus allowing for duality. The intention of the cost valuation principle is to show that asset value may not always equal the amount of money that can be gained by selling of these assets. One downfall is that this can cause old facilities to appear newer and more efficient than they actually are. The intention of the stable monetary unit is to keep changes in the value of a dollar or other form of monetary units from affecting financial worth. This would be like adding apples and oranges if the fluctuation was monitored. Health Care and Relation to Principles The accounting entity in relation to health care could be a clinic operation that is owned by a private physician may be the accounting entity. The organization must be clearly defined to be accurate and not misleading. The physician is not the accounting entity which is where most people make the mistake in placing ownership. Money measurement principle with regard to health care money measurement is guided by the organization and not the individual. The duality principle is evident when the financial statement of a health care facility is looked at such as if the organization purchases $40,000 of patient supplies. The balancing factor will show that there is an asset of this $40,000 of supplies. This has shown a balance of assets and liabilities. The cost valuation principle when it is shown in health care requires that the initial asset valuation will not equal the final valuation because of a dramatic inflation tendency. Current replacement value is not viable for future cash flow changes. The stable monetary unit principle is important in the health care field because even if the income is stable the cash flow can be considered a negative. The stability of money is crucial for there to be a positive outcome. In conclusion, the principles of accounting guide the financial aspects of organizations. These principles are crucial to assist the health care facilities to maintain financial integrity. The actual organization or accounting entity is the focus of the financial statement. The money measurement is in relation to only the transactions or services that are only recorded in a monetary way. Duality describes assets, liabilities, and net assets which are always balanced. Cost valuation refers to the original monetary value of any item. The stable monetary unit must stay stable regardless of inflation rates. The intention of these principles is to guide the financial and monetary aspect of all businesses. Checks and balances are implemented so that the health care organization is successful. Each of these principles allows a financial picture to be available for the constituents of the community involved. References Cleverly, W. O. , Song, P. H. , Cleverly, J. O. (2011). Essentials of health care finance (7th ed. ). Sudbury, MA: Jones and Bartlett Learning. How to cite Generally Accepted Accounting Principles, Papers Generally Accepted Accounting Principles Free Essays Introduction The purpose of this report is to identify the items that may result in adjusting entries for both prepayments and accrual by looking at the trial balance and Income statement. Furthermore, analyzing the historical summary of financial Is to know the trend for profit or loss of the company assets. Fundamental First of all, why we have to make BAD? Balance day adjustments are therefore required to ensure the financial statements portray a correct picture on the firm’s financial performance and financial position. We will write a custom essay sample on Generally Accepted Accounting Principles or any similar topic only for you Order Now We have to recognize all transaction occurring in that accounting period, irrespective of whether cash has been received or paid. The ultimate objective of adjusting entries Is to ensure that the revenues (income) earned In the accounting period are matched by all costs Incurred for that name accounting period (Monish College, 2011). Prepayment There are two types of adjusting entries, prepayments and accruals. Prepayment is a payment in advance of the period to which it pertains. What this mean is, this category of adjustments aligns recorded revenues (income) and costs with appropriate accounting periods. For example, there are situations where cash Is received before goods and services are provided to customers or situations where cash has been paid In advance for costs of operation and which relate to future counting periods. Prepayments divided into two sections, which are prepaid expenses and unearned revenue. Prepaid expenses is type of assets that shown on a balance sheet as a result of business payments for goods and services to be received in the near future. While prepaid expenses are initially recorded as assets, their value Is expensed over time as the benefit Is receive something of value in the near future. Prepayments often occur In regard to Insurance, supplies, advertising, and rent. Earned revenue is also known as prepaid revenue. It means payment, which is received in advance of providing a good or service. Since an obligation exists on the part of the company to provide goods or services for which the advance payment was received, unearned revenue is a liability. An example is a retainer received by an attorney. When the services are performed, revenue is the earned. Another examples are pre-booked airline ticket, rent received In advance and magazine subscription How to cite Generally Accepted Accounting Principles, Papers Generally Accepted Accounting Principles Free Essays Generally Accepted Accounting Principles (United States) In the U. S. , generally accepted accounting principles, commonly abbreviated as US GAAP or simply GAAP, are accounting rules used to prepare, present, and report financial statements for a wide variety of entities, including publicly-traded and privately-held companies, non-profit organizations, and governments. We will write a custom essay sample on Generally Accepted Accounting Principles or any similar topic only for you Order Now Generally GAAP includes local applicable Accounting Framework, related accounting law, rules and Accounting Standard. Similar to many other countries practicing under the common law system, the United States government does not directly set accounting standards, in the belief that the private sector has better knowledge and resources. US GAAP is not written in law, although the U. S. Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) requires that it be followed in financial reporting by publicly-traded companies. Currently, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (FASB) is the highest authority in establishing generally accepted accounting principles for public and private companies, as well as non-profit entities. For local and state governments, GAAP is determined by the Governmental Accounting Standards Board (GASB), which operates under a set of assumptions, principles, and constraints, different from those of standard private-sector GAAP. Financial reporting in federal government entities is regulated by the Federal Accounting Standards Advisory Board (FASAB). The US GAAP provisions differ somewhat from International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS), though former SEC Chairman Chris Cox set out a timetable for all U. S. ompanies to drop GAAP by 2016, with the largest companies switching to IFRS as early as 2009 Basic objectives Financial reporting should provide information that is: †¢useful to present to potential investors and creditors and other users in making rational investment, credit, and other financial decisions. †¢helpful to present to potential investors and creditors and other users in assessing the amounts, timing, and uncertainty of prospective cash receipts. à ¢â‚¬ ¢about economic resources, the claims to those resources, and the changes in them. [edit] Basic concepts To achieve basic objectives and implement fundamental qualities GAAP has four basic assumptions, four basic principles, and four basic constraints. [edit] Assumptions †¢Accounting Entity: assumes that the business is separate from its owners or other businesses. Revenue and expense should be kept separate from personal expenses. †¢Going Concern: assumes that the business will be in operation indefinitely. This validates the methods of asset capitalization, depreciation, and amortization. Only when liquidation is certain this assumption is not applicable. †¢Monetary Unit principle: assumes a stable currency is going to be the unit of record. The FASB accepts the nominal value of the US Dollar as the monetary unit of record unadjusted for inflation. †¢The Time-period principle implies that the economic activities of an enterprise can be divided into artificial time periods. [edit] Principles †¢Cost principle requires companies to account and report based on acquisition costs rather than fair market value for most assets and liabilities. This principle provides information that is reliable (removing opportunity to provide subjective and potentially biased market values), but not very relevant. Thus there is a trend to use fair values. Most debts and securities are now reported at market values. †¢Revenue principle requires companies to record when revenue is (1) realized or realizable and (2) earned, not when cash is received. This way of accounting is called accrual basis accounting. †¢Matching principle. Expenses have to be matched with revenues as long as it is reasonable to do so. Expenses are recognized not when the work is performed, or when a product is produced, but when the work or the product actually makes its contribution to revenue. Only if no connection with revenue can be established, cost may be charged as expenses to the current period (e. g. office salaries and other administrative expenses). This principle allows greater evaluation of actual profitability and performance (shows how much was spent to earn revenue). Depreciation and Cost of Goods Sold are good examples of application of this principle. †¢Disclosure principle. Amount and kinds of information disclosed should be decided based on trade-off analysis as a larger amount of information costs more to prepare and use. Information disclosed should be enough to make a judgment while keeping costs reasonable. Information is presented in the main body of financial statements, in the notes or as supplementary information [edit] Constraints †¢Objectivity principle: the company financial statements provided by the accountants should be based on objective evidence. †¢Materiality principle: the significance of an item should be considered when it is reported. An item is considered significant when it would affect the decision of a reasonable individual. Consistency principle: It means that the company uses the same accounting principles and methods from year to year. †¢Prudence principle: when choosing between two solutions, the one that will be least likely to overstate assets and income should be picked (see convention of conservatism). Generally Accepted Accounting Principles (UK) The Generally Accepted Accounting Practice in the UK, or UK GAAP, are the overall body of regulation establis hing how company accounts must be prepared in the United Kingdom. This includes not only accounting standards, but also UK company law. What is referred to elsewhere as Generally Accepted Accounting Principles is in the UK referred to as Generally Accepted Accounting Practice. [edit] History Accounting standards derive from a number of sources. The chief standard-setter is the Accounting Standards Board (ASB), which issues standards called Financial Reporting Standards (FRS). The ASB is part of the Financial Reporting Council, an independent regulator funded by a levy on listed companies[1], and it replaced the Accounting Standards Committee (ASC), which was disbanded in 1990 following a number of criticisms of its work. To the extent that the ASC’s pronouncements, known as Statements of Standard Accounting Practice (SSAPs), have not been replaced by FRS, they remain in force. [edit] Creation/Revision of Standards The ASB has a formal exposure process for proposed standards. Early concepts are issued as Discussion Papers. These are released to the public and comments invited. Where a new standard is to be proposed, a Financial Reporting Exposure Draft (FRED) is released for comment. The standard in final form is only issued when comments have been incorporated or addressed. This aims to address the criticisms levelled at the ASC, whose comment process was less rigorous. Issues that require an immediate solution are considered by the Urgent Issues Task Force (UITF). The UITF comprises a number of senior figures from industry and accounting firms. It meets as necessary to consider pressing issues and issues Abstracts which become binding immediately. [edit] Legislation The principal legislation governing reporting in the UK is laid down in the Companies Act 2006, which incorporates the requirements of European law. The Companies Act sets out certain minimum reporting requirements for companies and, for example, requires limited companies to file their accounts with the Registrar of Companies who makes them available to the general public. From 2005, this framework changed as a result of European law requiring that all listed European companies report under International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRSs). In the UK, companies which are not listed have the option to report either under IFRSs or under UK GAAP[2]. Recently issued UK FRSs have, in any case replicated the wording of corresponding IFRSs, reducing the differences between the two sets of standards significantly. China Accounting Standards From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia (Redirected from Chinese Accounting Standards) Jump to: navigation, search Chinese accounting standards are the accounting rules used in Chinese state owned corporations in mainland China. They are currently being phased out in favour of Generally Accepted Accounting Principles or International Accounting Standards. As of February 2010, the Chinese Accounting Standard Systems is composed of Basic Standard, 38 specific standards and Application Guidance. Chinese accounting standards are unique because they originated in a socialist period in which the state was the sole owner of industry. Therefore unlike Western accounting standards, they are less a tool of profit and loss and an inventory of assets available to a company. In contrast to a Western balance sheet, Chinese accounting standards do not include an accounting of the debts that a corporation holds, and are less suitable for management control than for accounting for tax purposes. This system of accounting is widely considered to be unsuitable for managing corporations in a market economy. As a result, Chinese corporations are gradually moving toward International Financial Reporting Standards. This has proven to be a massive undertaking. As a consequence Chinese companies who offer shares for sale in the United States used to be required to prepare three sets of statements, one using Chinese accounting standards (China GAAP), one using international standards (IFRS), and one using North American GAAP standards (US GAAP). However, since 2008 the U. S. Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) allows foreign private issuers to use financial statements prepared in accordance with IFRS. [1] However, in recent years, The Finance Department of Chinese Government has issued new Chinese Accounting Standards which converge into IFRS and the similarity is almost 90-95%. The translation cost has been reduced greatly because of this measure How to cite Generally Accepted Accounting Principles, Papers Generally Accepted Accounting Principles Free Essays Generally Accepted Accounting Principles Stephanie R. Stewart HCS/571 September 24, 2012 Anne Harney Finlon Generally Accepted Accounting Principles Generally Accepted Accounting Principles (GAAP) are important ideas to understand when discussing finances of any kind. It is important for all nurses, especially those in management roles, to understand financial concepts and be involved in the budgetary process. We will write a custom essay sample on Generally Accepted Accounting Principles or any similar topic only for you Order Now This paper will help to create an understanding of GAAP, the purpose of the principles, and how they relate to the health care industry today. Every profession tends to have a language specific to the profession or occupation. The financial world is not immune to this language subset. The term Generally Accepted Accounting Principles (GAAP) provides a dictionary for the language used in the finance world. GAAP also allows for consistency and encourages integrity with financial reporting. According to Finkler, Kovner, and Jones (2007), this set of principles involves eight key rules â€Å"established by the Financial Accounting Standards Board† (p. 104). Additionally, accountants are compelled to denote if the financial records being examined are in accordance with GAAP (Finkler, Kovner, Jones, 2007). Therefore, it is important for health care entities to follow the GAAP concept and ensure adherence to these eight key tenets. While some sources and authors will only list five or six principles, Finkler, Kovner, and Jones discuss eight rules as part of GAAP explanation. These principles â€Å"include the following: * Entity concept * Going-concern concept * Matching principle and cash vs accrual accounting * Cost principle * Objective evidence * Materiality * Consistency [and] * Full disclosure (Finkler, Kovner, Jones, 2007, p. 104). Each of these principles has a general intent and is important for consistency in financial reporting. The entity concept defines what group or person is being discussed within the financial records. An example of such an entity is Shady Acres Nursing Home. The second rule is known as going concern. This specific concept examines the likelihood of whether the entity will still be operating tomorrow, next month, or next year. The reason for examining this information is due to the value of organizational assets (Finkler, Kovner, Jones, 2007). Assets of a company that is not expected to be in business next month will have a different value than the assets of a company expected to be in business for many years to come. For example, the value of the building where Shady Acres Nursing Home operates may be worth far less if it is known the facility will be ceasing operation in a few weeks. The next tenet of GAAP is the matching principle and cash vs. accrual accounting. As discussed by Finkler, Kovner, and Jones (2007), payment for services rendered is not always received in the same year. Additionally, the cost of providing those services may also not be noted as paid in that same year. Inconsistencies can occur as a result of the timing of income and expenses towards the end of a financial year. This GAAP rule helps to create consistency by requiring income and expenses to be reported in the same year. An instance of this rule is when Shady Acres provides skilled nursing care to Mrs. Smith for the month of December 2012. Though it is unlikely that Mrs. Smith’s insurance will pay Shady Acres any sooner than January 2013, the accountants at the nursing home must show that the income was received in 2012. Additionally, the providers of care likely will not be paid for all hours worked until 2013, but that expense also must be shown in 2012. The rules of cost principle and objective evidence are very closely related. The cost principle can be difficult to determine without taking into consideration the objective evidence available to the accountants. Cost principle is essentially the amount paid by an entity to purchase the item. Yet, with many items accountants must take into consideration the depreciation or which will occur over time. This is especially true with buildings and other very expensive items expected to be used for many years. Shady Acres may have paid three million dollars for the land and building five years ago, but because of the real estate crisis the cost principle is now only two million dollars. Due to objective evidence the cost principle will never rise higher than the cost reported on the accounting report even if there is appreciation present. Since cost over time can fluctuate based upon the market and the assessor, it is important to include the rule of objective evidence within this set of accounting principles. To decrease forecasting of cost, accountants list â€Å"the value of most assets at their cost† (Finkler, Kovner, ; Jones, 2007, p. 106). In the previous example, Shady Acres was acquired for three million dollars. If the real estate market rebounds next year and the building appreciates in value, accountants will still use the rule of objective evidence and not set the cost above that which was paid to purchase the building. The sixth component of GAAP is materiality. As pointed out by Finkler, Kovner, and Jones (2007), the expectation for accounting records to be error free is unreasonable. Therefore, accountants take into consideration the degree of the errors made in the financial records. If the degree of error causes decisions to be made differently than if no errors were made, then this is unacceptable and must be corrected. For instance, if Shady Acres was interested in selling the facility to a wealthy investor, accountants would need to determine the value of organization by calculating assets and outstanding expenses. If accountants made an error and valued the organization at a total worth of four million dollars while the organization is only worth three million dollars, then the investor would be making a purchase decision based on faulty information. Accountants would be required to correct this information under GAAP as soon as it is discovered. Consistency is one of simplest rules in GAAP, yet has quite profound effects if not followed. Financial methods of accounting chosen by organizations should be consistent from year to year. If accountants at Shady Acres chose to use a different accounting method for 2012 than had been used for the preceding years then comparisons of Shady Acres’ financial health would be difficult to make. Finally, the rule of full disclosure within GAAP requires that organizations divulge all information related to the financial picture of the organization. It is important to exhibit details of the broader statements generally submitted so that a clear financial status can be ascertained. For example, Shady Acres would be required to submit statements detailing cash flow, appreciation or depreciation of assets, and justifications of all statements presented in addition to the standard â€Å"balance sheet and an operating statement† (Finkler, Kovner, Jones, 2007, p. 106). The concepts of GAAP explained in this paper should be followed by all organizations, including health care organizations. Accountants expect to find adherence to these standards when auditing organizational finance records. Nurses are familiar with standards and policies in health care; GAAP is yet another set of standards to follow. As leaders in health care organizations, nurses should be aware of these concepts and assist the organization’s accountants with the implementation and use of all eight principles. Reference Finkler, S. A. , Kovner, C. T. , ; Jones, C. B. (2007). Financial management for nurse managers and executives (3rd ed. ). St. Louis, MO: Saunders Elsevier. How to cite Generally Accepted Accounting Principles, Papers

The Daoism and the Confucianism in Han Dynasty free essay sample

The Daoism and the Confucianism in Han Dynasty As the dominant philosophical school for around two thousand years in Chinese imperial history, Confucianism is always regarded as the most representative ideology of China, associated with numerous books, poems, artworks and stories that glorify Confucianism’s permeation into every corner of Chinese society. However, before Han Wudi, Confucianism was only one of those competing philosophical schools founded in Spring and Autumn period. During the Warring States period and Qin dynasty, Legalism took place of all other philosophical schools and helped King Zheng, the First Emperor, to unify China for the first time. Why Confucianism defeated Legalism as well as other philosophical schools in Han dynasty and thrived thereafter is a very interesting and important topic in Chinese history. This essay focuses on the transition from Legalism to Confucianism and elaborates the adaptation of Confucianism in the period of Han Wudi. When Han was first established by Gaozu, the country was in a mess due to the lasting wars. We will write a custom essay sample on The Daoism and the Confucianism in Han Dynasty or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page The industries were devastated severely, the population decreased, the peasants were in exile, the economy was backwards and the national treasury was empty. What was worse, Gaozu made a mistake by â€Å"rewarding his old comrades with large territories to govern as vassal states†, because â€Å"dispersed power proved a danger to the emperor† (Ebrey 64). Under this kind of unfavorable circumstance, the first several emperors of Han, e. g. Gaozu and Wendi, chose to govern the country without imposing too many harsh policies and consolidate the regime in a more Daoism way rather than a Confucianism way. Ebrey describes Gaozu’s and Wendi’s ideas of ruling class as the following: The first Han emperors, although prudently avoiding the harsh policies of repudiated Qin, were not partial to Confucianism. Gaozu found the Confucian scholars of his day useful primarily as formulators of court rituals that would elevate him above his erstwhile companions and keep them from getting rowdy in court. Wendi (r. 179-157 BC) favoured Daoism, finding much of value in its laissez-faire message. (77) The goal of that era was to maintain peace and harmony in the society and develop the economy to make people’s life better. Therefore, the first several emperors of Han relieved the harsh laws prescribed by Qin, reduced the taxation and solved the conflict with those nomads by conciliatory policies, e. . â€Å"wooing the Xiongnu leaders with generous gifts, including silk, rice, cash, and even imperial princesses as brides† (68). The government preferred Daoists’ laissez-faire way of ruling, which emphasized on the government’s reduced role over civilian lives and governing without action. Thus, consistent with the trend then, Daoism dominated in the early period of Han dynasty and helped Han achieve social and economical stability during Wendi’s and Jingdi’s reigns, which is called the Rule of Wen and Jing   in Chinese history. When Wendi’s grandson Wudi came to the throne, Han was very stable and prosperous. Daoism’s governing without action was not suitable for Han because Han was no longer vulnerable as before. Therefore, Wudi thought it was time for him to solidify his control over the country by centralization of authority. As Ebrey writes: Wudi set about curbing the power of princes and other lords; he confiscated the domains of over half of them on whatever pretext he could find. Moreover, he decreed that domains would have to be divided among all the lord’s heirs, thus guaranteeing that they would diminish in sized with each passing generation. (64) By impairing the power of vassal states, Wudi implemented his centralization over the whole country. Moreover, in economy, Wudi â€Å"curbed the power of great merchants† by â€Å"gaining new sources of revenue through his state monopolies and commercial taxes; in foreign relations, he â€Å"was especially aggressive, revising the early conciliatory policies† (65). However, it is always easy to start the process of centralization but difficult to maintain the state of centralization. Faced with this knotty problem, Wudi adopted Confucianism, which underlined â€Å"the moral basis of superior-subordinate relations, appreciating that in the long run the ruler would achieve his goals more easily and economically when his subordinates viewed their relationship with the ruler in moral terms of loyalty and responsibility† (65). In fact, Han’s Confucianism is not the same as the Confucianism during the period of the Spring and Autumn or Warring States.